As a starting point, the blast furnace is seen as a simple iron ore smelter, while gradually the physical, chemical and metallurgical background of the blast furnace process is clarified. Design of blast furnace is evolved through experience. Cast iron staves in the hearth, upper stack and throat five rows of copper staves are installed in the high heat flux zones of the bosh, belly and lower stack a new blast furnace shell means the use of the standard. Technological changes in blast furnace iron making in india since. Modern blast furnace can reach a fuel efficiency of about 50%, according to the top gas composition, is illustrated in figure 1. It is suitable for students of metallurgy as well as for blast furnace operators and management. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below carbon in the reactivity series, so therefore carbon can be used to reduce it note. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o.
Theory and practice presents theoretical, experimental, and operational evidence about the iron blast furnace as well as a mathematical description of its. The world leader in ironmaking solutions primetals. Blast furnace, a vertical shaft furnace that produces liquid metals by the reaction of a flow of air introduced under pressure into the bottom of the furnace with a mixture of metallic ore, coke, and flux fed into the top. The blast furnace iron making process bfimp is the key of the integrated steel enterprise for energy saving due to its. An interesting representative of such processes is the blast furnace iron making process 1 2 3, which uses multisensors such as two manual measurements and two infrared acquisitions to. Calculation of blast furnace size is empirical in nature. The production of iron is accomplished by smelting of ores, pellets, and sinter in blast furnaces with subsequent refining of molten iron and scrap in oxygenblown processes. This project has been performed to increase the steel making production capacity of esfahan steel. Blast furnaces differ from bloomeries and reverberatory furnaces in that in a blast furnace, flue gas is in direct contact with the ore and iron, allowing carbon monoxide to diffuse into the ore and reduce the iron oxide to elemental iron mixed with carbon. Ios press ebooks modern blast furnace ironmaking an. An introduction 3rd edition pdf free this book describes the principles of the blast furnace process and especially the control of the process. Blast furnaces produce pig iron from iron ore by the reducing action of carbon supplied as coke at a high temperature in the presence of a fluxing agent such as limestone. The intensive utilization of fossil carbon in the ironmaking blast furnace bf is related directly to. Theory and practice presents the significant role of iron blast furnace by which iron is efficiently and rapidly reduced from ore and it is the basis for all.
Blast furnace operation at a glance the purpose of a blast furnace is to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. Hbi o x y g e n % c a r b o n % temperature o c iron ore scrap iron ore to liquid steel blast furnace ironmaking. Optimization of refractory lining used in blast furnace a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of master of technology in mechanical engineering thermal engineering by pramod kumar bhagat 2me3425 department of mechanical engineering national institute of technology rourkela odisha769008, india. There is no pure metal state of iron, usually exists in the form of. How a blast furnace works introduction the purpose of a blast furnace is to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. This book focuses on the control of the blast furnace process with respect to thermal control. Theory and practice presents theoretical, experimental, and operational evidence about the iron blast furnace as well as a mathematical description of its operation.
The basic materials used for the manufacture of pig iron are iron ore, coke, and limestone. The blast furnace will only take coal coke, charcoal, and. The blast furnace operates as a countercurrent exchange process whereas a bloomery does. Process monitoring of ironmaking process in a blast furnace. Blast furnace is used to reduce the iron ore to iron.
An introduction this book describes the principles of the blast furnace process and especially the control of. Primetals technologies has provided blast furnace engineering, project excellence and expertise to customers worldwide for over a century. The smelting process in cupola furnace is also consid ered to be competitive. Pelletizing a pellet plant contains a series of balling drums where the iron ore concentrate is formed into soft pellets, in much the same manner that one rolls a snowball, to make a pellet about the size of a marble between 14 and 12. Blast furnace it is a tall cylindrical furnace made of steel. A blast furnace is a typical countercurrent reactor with a conical shape.
Oct 26, 2010 blast furnace ironmaking free download as powerpoint presentation. The slag may be quenched with water to form granulated slag. The book focuses on the control of the blast furnace process with respect to thermal control, gas flow control and casthouse operation. An interesting representative of such processes is the blast furnace ironmaking process 1 2 3, which uses multisensors such as two manual measurements and two infrared acquisitions. The most common ore of iron is called haematite iron iii oxide. Smallvolume blastfurnaces the future of blastfurnace. The blast furnace will only take coal coke, charcoal, and thaumcraft alumentum as fuels, requiring 1 coal coke per ingot, 0. Donald wagner suggests that early blast furnace and cast iron production evolved. Blast furnace, indian iron making, technological changes. Blast furnace railcraft official feed the beast wiki. The blast furnace reduces practically all of the iron present in the ore into the pig iron, and, therefore, if the ore contains 50 per cent of metallic iron and the pig. Process of blast furnace pdf a blast furnace is a huge steel container many metres high and lined.
Iron is made by reacting iron ore iron oxide and impurities, coke a reductant and limestone caco 3 in a blast furnace iron ores with lower iron content such as taconite are first processed to concentrate the iron level and drive off volatile impurities. It is the volume of blast furnace occupied by the charge materials and the products, i. Blast furnaces are used continuously and are only shut down when their brick lining needs replacing. Danieli corus has enjoyed an incredible journey with indian steel industry over the years.
To imagine the inside of the huge blast furnace, a mountain of coke, iron ore, limestone just sitting there sixy feet or so above a roaring and blazing incandescent massincredible. The rated capacity of this furnace is 9,500 tons of hot metal per day with pulverized coal injection system of 200 kgthm. The iron ore concentrate is now mixed and ready for the pelletizing process. The properties of the original raw ore are changed in this process. Production of pig iron in a blast furnace chapter division basic terms description of a blast furnace plant main parts of a blast furnace, description and function composition of a charge in the production of pig iron in a blast furnace. Stave coolers are made up of cast iron in form of water jacket they are used. The principal function of a blast furnace is to continuously produce liquid hot metal viz. Our technology base covers the entire blast furnace process route from hot blast and raw material handling, through the furnace and casthouse, to gas cleaning and hot metal slag processing. Aug 05, 2015 hadeed metal manufacturing company melt shop, iron, steel, hadeed, metal, billet, scrap, industry duration. This project has been performed to increase the steel making production capacity of esfahan steel company in iran from 2. Blast furnace smelting equipment sinter plant lime kiln.
Blast furnace smelting equipment sinter plant lime. Carbon may be added in the form of petroleum coke or as specially prepared. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick, where iron ore, coke and limestone are dumped into the top, and preheated air is blown into the bottom. They are then used to help heat the air blast, required if blast furnace is to reach the high temperatures needed to produce molten iron. Iron and steel making is one of the most intense energy consuming in the industrial sectors.
Step 2 the blast furnace the outer case is a water cooled steel casing that provides. Amazing fastest homemade wood lathe machines working skills extreme wood cutting machines easy duration. Blast furnace an introduction blast furnace is the focus of any integrated steel plant. Shows how iron ore, limestone, and coke are handled and prepared for the blast furnace in the making of pig iron. Ironmaking 101 from ore to iron with blast furnaces. Jun, 2017 amazing fastest homemade wood lathe machines working skills extreme wood cutting machines easy duration. It is narrow at the top and has an arrangement for the introduction of ore and outlet for gases.
This book focuses on the control of the blast furnace process with respect to thermal control, gas flow control and casthouse operation. Two large blast furnaces that began their operation in 2009 and 2011 respectively. Optimization of refractory lining used in blast furnace a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of master of technology in. Mar 02, 20 it is the volume of blast furnace occupied by the charge materials and the products, i. The principle of blast furnace operational technology and. Pelletizing a pellet plant contains a series of balling drums where the iron ore.
The charge for agglomerate production comprises three basic parts. The iron blast furnace is a large, tall, vertical metallurgical furnace used for reducing molten iron from its oxide ores and is one of the major reactors in the iron making industry. Modern furnaces are highly efficient, including cowper stoves to preheat the. Furthermore there were numerous research works on the new technology of cupola furnaces smelting by using oxygen enriched blast, and obtaining pig iron from various. The main purpose of sintering of iron ores agglomeration is to convert fine raw materials into lumpy material for pig iron making in the blast furnace. Blast furnaces are used to produce pig iron from iron ore for subsequent. Coke production for blast furnace ironmaking by hardarshan s. Mar 19, 2015 blast furnace gas it is the byproduct of blast furnaces that is generated when the iron ore is reduced with coke to produce molten iron. Valia, scientist, ispat inland inc introduction a world class blast furnace operation demands the highest quality. Blast furnace ironmaking is a multistep reduction of iron oxides at elevated temperatures. Modern cupola furnaces with hot blast produce about 100 thour i.
Describes the principles of the blast furnace process and especially the control of the process. The world leader in ironmaking solutions primetals technologies. The blast furnace is a multiblock structure added by railcraft. Cast iron staves in the hearth, upper stack and throat five rows of. Blast furnace iron making is the main method for modern steel production,the process of blast furnace is an important part. This furnace will be the indias largest blast furnace to date. Amongst all the ironmaking processes, the blast furnace technology, which has been around the longest, still holds the dominant position. Technological changes in blast furnace iron making in india since last few decades article pdf available in international journal of science and research ijsr 212.
All the three ingredients are crushed into small round pieces and mixed and put on a hopper which controls the input. Blast furnace ironmaking an overview sciencedirect topics. Now there are nearly 700 blast furnace available in world. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. The basic structure of the furnace is depicted in fig. With modern blast furnace ironmaking the reader has a compact compendium of the blast furnace process available. A blast furnace is a gigantic, steel stack lined with refractory brick where the concentrated iron ore, coke, and limestone are dumped from the top, and a blast of hot air is blown into the bottom. Pdf iron and steel making is one of the most intense energy. With design, manufacture and installation of pig iron, ferromanganese smelting blast furnace, sinter plant, hot air stove, cip system, shaft furnace, lime kiln, etc. This furnace is designed for a twenty year campaign. This book includes a set of equations that accurately describe stoichiometric and enthalpy balances for the process and which are consistent with observed. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals. Extraction of iron metallurgy blast furnace and reactions. A blast furnace is a gigantic, steel stack lined with refractory brick where the concentrated iron ore, coke, and limestone are dumped from the top, and a blast of hot air is blown into the.